With an area of only 110 acres (0.17 square miles) and a 2018 population of around 840 inhabitants, Vatican City is the smallest internationally recognized independent state in the world. In 1929 Vatican City’s independent sovereignty was recognized by the Fascist Italian government in the Lateran Treaty. Each day outsiders come there to work. Universi Dominici Gregis n. 89, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Fundamental Statute for the Secular Government of the States of the Church, History of the Catholic Church since 1962, Corps of Firefighters of the Vatican City State, Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State, List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See, Section for Relations with States (Roman Curia), Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See, Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See, Coats of arms of the Holy See and Vatican City, Postage stamps and postal history of Vatican City, Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici, Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes, President of the Governorate of Vatican City, President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State, Holy See â Relationship with the Vatican City and other territories, ZENIT news agency, "179 states have full diplomatic relations with the Holy See", "Legge che approva l'ordinamento giudiziario dello Stato della Città del Vaticano (Suppl. As such, the Holy See’s authority extends over Catholics throughout the world. All in all, the country is dependent on the little that it can produce. 3. Duursma, supra note 12, at 402–405. The politics of Vatican City take place in a framework of a theocratic absolute elective monarchy, in which the Pope, religiously speaking, the leader of the Catholic Church and Bishop of Rome, exercises ex officio supreme legislative, executive, and judicial power over the Vatican City[1] (an entity distinct from the Holy See), a rare case of non-hereditary monarchy. Vatican City was established as an independent state in the year 1929 by the Lateran Treaty. He notably drew a distinction between the problem of lobbying and the sexual orientation of people: "If a person is gay and seeks God and has good will, who am I to judge?" The general politics and governance of the Vatican City are undertaken by the head of the Catholic Church, the Pope. This is the worse problem. Vatican City may be tiny—110 acres—but the country-within-a-country houses the world's largest Catholic church (St. Peter's Basilica) and perhaps the best collection of artistic masterpieces on the planet, spanning the ancient world, the Renaissance, and beyond. The Vatican has the largest number of embassies and ambassadors around the globe. Our Vatican tour explores masterpieces of the Vatican Museums, Sistine Chapel & St. Peter's Basilica, with expedited entrance tickets. Just visit this page summarizing the data by country. [20] In July 2013, he responded directly to journalists' questions. Capital City: Vatican City Other Cities: none Government: Type: Papacy; ecclesiastical governmental and administrative capital of the Roman Catholic Church. The president is assisted by a Secretary General and a Vice Secretary General. A copper coin was issued called 4 soldi. No government would have much interest in relations with so tiny a state as Vatican City. See Holy See â Relationship with the Vatican City and other territories. It has more tourists per resident than any other country. 20. It consists of seven Cardinals appointed by the pope for five-year terms. It is headed by the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, who is elected for life by the cardinals. Vatican City is a member of CEPT, Eutelsat, International Grains Council, Intelsat, ITU and UPU. St. Peter’s Basilica, present basilica of St. Peter in Vatican City (an enclave in Rome), begun by Pope Julius II in 1506 and completed in 1615 under Paul V. it is designed as a three-aisled Latin cross with a dome at the crossing, directly above the high alter, which covers the shrine of St. Peter the Apostle. [3] The State of Vatican City, for its part, is recognized under international law as a sovereign territory. 5. Also make sure it is dropped it into one of the mail boxes inside Vatican City so you can receive the Vatican post mark. ", Santi Martino e Sebastiano degli Svizzeri, Permanent Observer to the Council of Europe, Palace of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, Palace of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches, Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Vatican_City&oldid=994968952, Articles needing additional references from June 2010, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, House of Retreat for the Clergy of Saints John and Paul, This page was last edited on 18 December 2020, at 14:13. Vatican City Government Type ecclesiastical elective monarchy; self described as an "absolute monarchy" Currency EUR Population 1,000 Total Area 0 Square Miles 0 Square Kilometers Location Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy) Language Italian, Latin, French, various other languages Under this political framework, the President is both the Head of State and the Head of Government. Popes did not live at the Vatican until the 14th century. The pope has full legal, executive, and judicial powers. Most Recent Government Activity: 4 days ago. Laws passed by the Commission must be approved by the pope through the Secretariat of State prior to being published and taking effect. Though all the other discussed countries are ruled in some form by a theocratic Islamic Government, the Vatican City is the only country in the world with an absolute theocratic elective monarchy that is guided by the principles of a Christian religious school of thought. In October of 2008, the President, a member of the Movement Toward Socialism (MAS) party, worked with other party members to write a new text for … The country is located in Rome and occupies an area of 44 hectares, and houses a population of about 1000. The central government of the Catholic Church is housed in Vatican City. The Pope is ex officio sovereign of the Vatican City State since 1929. Check out our country profile, full of essential information about Vatican City (Holy See)'s geography, history, government, economy, population, culture, religion and languages. [12], Under the terms of article 22 of the Lateran Treaty,[13] Italy will, at the request of the Holy See, punish individuals for crimes committed within Vatican City and will itself proceed against the person who committed the offence, if that person takes refuge in Italian territory. Since 1929 it has resided in Vatican City,… Read More It has used the euro as its currency since 1 January 1999, owing to a special agreement with the European Union (council decision 1999/98). Euro coins and notes were introduced on 1 January 2002—the Vatican does not issue euro banknotes . The Vatican City State is situated on the Vatican hill, on the right bank of the Tiber River, within the city of Rome. The central government of the Catholic Church is housed in Vatican City. interior the previous days, you used to have the skill to convey your passport to the Vatican Museum's submit place of work and get a stamp yet they don't try this anymore. 6. In Vatican City. The Holy See, often referred to as Vatican City or simply the Vatican, is the seat of the Roman Catholic Church and its ruler, the Supreme Pontiff or Pope. Vatican City is the smallest country in the world established by the Lateran Treaty of 1929 between the Kingdom of Italy and the Holy See. particular, Vatican city is a rustic. You can see this information within a table summarizing all the countries. The general politics and governance of the Vatican City are undertaken by the head of the Catholic Church, the Pope. [11] If such crimes are committed in Saint Peter's Square, the perpetrators may be arrested and tried by the Italian authorities, since that area is normally patrolled by Italian police. Before its declaration as an independent state, Vatican City served as the home to the … Travellers from Italy must self-isolate for 14 days as of Sunday, the government says. [19] Furthermore, it provides a head for the Office of the Promoter of Justice (prosecutorâs office), and sets out a standardized procedure for possible disciplinary action against certified advocates. "The problem", he said, "is not having this orientation. This was legal tender and represented 20 centavos. The Holy See is the name given to the government of the Roman Catholic Church, which is led by the pope as the bishop of Rome. Vatican City was established as an independent state in the year 1929 by the Lateran Treaty. How Does Vatican City Deal With Criminals? Vatican City - Politics, government, and taxation The Holy See is a monarchical-sacerdotal state, which is to say that it operates as a monarchy in which the Pope is the "king" (monarchical), with senior members of the church hierarchy, appointed by the Pope, as the governing body (sacerdotal). The Pope is the one the head of the Vatican government and is in charge of the Vatican's wealth. The "Councillors of the State" give their consultation in the drafting of legislation. [16], On 16 March 2020, it was announced that Pope Francis signed a new motu proprio into law on March 13, 2020 which reforms the Vatican's judicial system. The Pope is the ruler of both Vatican City State and the Holy See. The politics of Vatican City take place in a framework of a theocratic absolute elective monarchy, in which the Pope, religiously speaking, the leader of the Catholic Church and Bishop of Rome, exercises ex officio supreme legislative, executive, and judicial power over the Vatican City (an entity distinct from the Holy See), a rare case of non-hereditary monarchy. Also the sovereign territory of the […] Mostly people having desire to visit there but no proper arrangement at Government … Here are some little known facts that will give you a peek into the mysterious world of the Vatican… [15][11] People convicted of committing crimes in the Vatican serve terms in Italian prisons (Polizia Penitenziaria), with costs covered by the Vatican. The government of Vatican City has a unique structure. Monaco – 2 km², Nauru – 21 km², … Vatican City Government Type ecclesiastical elective monarchy; self described as an "absolute monarchy" Currency EUR Population 1,000 Total Area 0 Square Miles 0 Square Kilometers Location Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy) Language Italian, Latin, French, various other languages The book is available at Kindle here and to read for free here.. ... Italy and Vatican City added to UK quarantine list. Government Type: Ecclesiastical Most of the income that the state gets comes from the tourism that floods the city. However, the station is used for transporting freight and not passenger travel. Simply stated, a city-state is an independent country that exists completely within the borders of a single city. Government type: ecclesiastical 2013: Judicial branch: there are three tribunals responsible for civil and criminal matters within Vatican City; three other tribunals rule … Actions of the President must be approved by the Commission. The president is appointed by the Pope for a five-year term, but may be removed at any time by the pope. Search this site. However, as with many monarchies, the pope exercises this power through other organs which act on his behalf and in his name but rarely spoke with others. If you want to see the table for the data : Government type. Top 10% Top 10%. The Pope is the one the head of the Vatican government and is in charge of the Vatican's wealth. Head of Government: Secretary of State Cardinal Pietro Parolin Overview Government Name: Vatican City State Constitution: Adopted: 2000; Aims to guarantee the freedom of the Apostolic See and assure the real and visible independence of the Roman Pontiff in the exercise of his mission in the world. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Holy See (Vatican City) Government 2020 information contained here. close. Vatican City State is the territory of the Holy See (Sancta Sedes), the seat of the episcopal jurisdiction and the central government of the Catholic Church. The pope's judicial authority is exercised through the Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura, as he by law serves also as the President of the Cassation Court of Vatican City (i.e. As such, the Holy See’s authority extends over Catholics throughout the world. 2. Accuracy: A team of editors takes feedback from our visitors to keep trivia as up to date and as accurate as possible.Complete quiz index can be found here: Vatican City Quizzes There are 20 questions on this topic. Executive power over the area is in the hands of a commission of cardinals appointed by the pope. Vatican City became an independent country in 1929 and this required that they form their own government as they were no longer a part of Italy [19] It also specifies the requirements for the appointment of judges and it simplifies the judicial system while increasing the staff of the court. Government type: ecclesiastical 2013: Judicial branch: there are three tribunals responsible for civil and criminal matters within Vatican City; three other tribunals rule … The functions of the Governorate include: The Vatican City is the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church; it is the home of the Pope and home to ancient Roman structures.. 19. Since 1929 it has resided in Vatican City… 39 days ago: Neo-Vatican City lodged a … Unlike the Holy See, it does not receive or send diplomatic representatives, and the Holy See acts on its behalf in international affairs. 18 million people visit there each year. Each of these officers is appointed by the pope for a five-year term. The Holy See is not only the world's smallest independent state, but the workings of its government and financial affairs are unique, as are its non-commercially based economic structures, which do not conform to any conventional https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/pope-francis-reforms-vatican-city-courts-with-new-law-53918, https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2020/03/pope-updates-vatican-city-state-judicial-system/, https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2020-03/new-law-for-vatican-city-responds-to-current-needs.html, "Pope Francis 'confirms Vatican gay lobby and corruption, "Pope Francis signals openness towards gay priests", "Pope Francis: Who am I to judge gay people? Legislative authority is vested in the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State, a body of cardinals appointed by the Pope for five-year periods. But was Vatican State. National Happenings. Top 10% Top 10%. The Holy See is the universal government of the Catholic Church and operates from Vatican City State, a sovereign, independent territory. Government Type: Ecclesiastical The Vatican City became an independent city-state on the 11th February 1929 by the Lateran Treaty signed by the Holy See and the Italian government. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Holy See (Vatican City) Government 2020 should be addressed to the CIA or the source cited on each page. Neo-Vatican City is ranked 37,651 st in the world and 8 th in AEH for Most Influential, scoring 813 on the Soft Power Disbursement Rating. Vatican City Trivia Questions & Answers : Europe This category is for questions and answers related to Vatican City, as asked by users of FunTrivia.com.. Vatican City . Mostly people having desire to visit there but no proper arrangement at Government … Various departments and offices report to the Governorate, handling such issues as communications, internal security, fire protection, and the Vatican Museums. He delegates executive authority to the President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State, who is ex officio President of the Governorate and head of government of Vatican. The Church functions optimally when it teams up with a right-wing dictatorship or single-party government such as commonly seen in Latin America, certain … Published. The government type of the Vatican City is monarchical-sacerdotal. [7] They may be consulted either alone or collegially. [18][17] The new law provides for greater independence of judicial bodies and magistrates dependent on the Pope. ); a government subject to religious authority. the highest court of appeal)[9]. Head of Government: Secretary of State Cardinal Pietro Parolin Overview Government Name: Vatican City State Constitution: Adopted: 2000; Aims to guarantee the freedom of the Apostolic See and assure the real and visible independence of the Roman Pontiff in the exercise of his mission in the world. Vatican City, officially Vatican City State, is a landlocked sovereign city-state (walled enclave) within the Italian city of Rome. Some factbooks describe the system of government not as monarchical-sacerdotal but as ecclesiastical. (I announce to you a great joy: We have a Pope) The term "Holy See" refers to the composite of the authority, jurisdiction, and sovereignty vested in the Pope and his advisers to direct the worldwide Catholic Church. The only real citizens of Vatican City, aside from the pope, are the full-time diplomats who work for the Holy See (the pope and the various offices of Church government in the Vatican). Vatican City does not have direct diplomatic relations with other states. The Pope exercises ex officio supreme legislative, executive and judicial power … The Holy See, often referred to as Vatican City or simply the Vatican, is the seat of the Roman Catholic Church and its ruler, the Supreme Pontiff or Pope. The Roman Catholic Church has their own government called The Vatican which is based our of the Vatican City in Rome, Italy. Comprehensive list of synonyms for systems of government and types of government, by Macmillan Dictionary and Thesaurus The Corpo della Gendarmeria is the state's security and police force, not the Pontifical Swiss Guard, which is an organ of the Holy See, not Vatican City. But 172 states maintain diplomatic relations with the Holy See, and half of those that have accredited their ambassador to the Holy See find it worthwhile to have him or her resident in Rome, distinct from their ambassador to the Italian Republic. Neo-Vatican City is ranked 37,651 st in the world and 8 th in AEH for Most Influential, scoring 813 on the Soft Power Disbursement Rating. It is therefore quite distinct from the Vatican City state, which was created in 1929, through the Lateran treaties between the Holy See and Italy. As with almost all monarchies, the executive, legislative and judicial power of government reside in the crown, in this case in the office of the Bishop of Rome (the pope). Vatican City is the only country in the world which is also a UNESCO Heritage site. Anarchy. A unicameral Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State, appointed by the Pope, operates as legislative branch, proposing law and policy to the Pope. The president reports all important matters to the Secretariat of State, the Pope's chief everyday advisory body, which is consulted on all matters, even if they belong to the specific competence of the Commission for Vatican City State or, for instance, that of the Congregation for Catholic Education. Infoplease has everything you need to know about Vatican City (Holy See). 3. However, according to the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, "The Supreme Pontiff, sovereign of Vatican City State, has the fullness of legislative, executive, and judicial powers"[4] for Vatican City. The faithful can follow the results of the polls (usually two in the morning and two in the evening, until election) by a chimney-top, visible from St. Peter's Square: in a stove attached to the chimney are burnt the voting papers, and additives make the resulting smoke black (fumata nera) in case of no election, white (fumata bianca) when the new pope is finally elected. By Stephen D. Mumford, DrPH | 2 November 2015 Church and State (Credit: giulio napolitano / Shutterstock.com) Excerpt from Chapter 5 of our Chairman Dr. Stephen D. Mumford’s book, American Democracy and the Vatican: Population Growth and National Security (1984). At 121 acres, Citta del Vaticano (Vatican City) is the smallest city -state in the world. The Conclave is held in the Sistine Chapel, where all the electors are locked in (Latin cum clave) until the election for which a two-thirds majority is required. Originating in late 19th century England, the term has also been applied to the early world superpower cities such as ancient Rome, Carthage, Athens, and Sparta.Today, Monaco, Singapore, and Vatican City are considered the only true city-states. 4. The pope in year 1868 was not Vatican City. The Holy See, as the supreme body of government of the Catholic Church, is a sovereign juridical entity under international law. Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum: habemus papam. [10], The penal cases are usually for minor crimes such as pickpocketing. The Dean of the Sacred College (Cardinale Decano) will then ask the freshly elected pope to choose his pastoral name, and as soon as the pope is dressed with the white cassock, the Senior Cardinal-Deacon (Cardinale Protodiacono) appears on the major balcony of St. Peter's façade to introduce the new pope[2] with the famous Latin sentence you at the instant are not allowed interior except you have particular permission. Sovereignty is exercised by the pope upon his election as the head of the Roman Catholic Church. Located within Vatican City is the Apostolic Palace, the residence of the Pope. The Secretariat of State is not thereby considered to hold responsibility for such matters, and the Cardinal Secretary of State is not seen as heading the Vatican City State or the various departments of the Roman Curia, other than the Secretariat of State itself. And maybe only 800 people live here, but one of them's the Pope. [13][14], Vatican City has no prison system, apart from a few detention cells for pre-trial detention. Vatican City exists as an absolute ecclesiastical monarchy and is not recognized as a democracy, therefore not a member of most international organizations such as the United Nations. The Holy See, as the supreme body of government of the Catholic Church, is a sovereign juridical entity under international law. 18. Administrations and departments of Vatican City's government, including the Corpo della Gendarmeria, the Vatican Observatory, the Vatican Museums, and the Department of Pontifical Villas, which administers Castel Gandolfo, report to the Governorate. That’s the short story, to find out more we need to go back in time before 1929, and look at the build up to this date. He has absolute executive, legislative, and judicial powers within the city. Its foreign relations are managed by the Holy See. Accuracy: A team of editors takes feedback from our visitors to keep trivia as up to date and as accurate as possible.Complete quiz index can be found here: Vatican City Quizzes There are 20 questions on this topic. Visiting the official website of the Holy See one can browse: the Magisterium of the Supreme Pontiffs (from Pope Leo XIII to Pope Francis); the fundamental texts of Catholicism in various languages (the Sacred Bible, the Catechism of the Catholic Church, the documents of the Second Vatican Council and the Code of Canon Law); the documents of Dicasteries, Bodies and Institutions of the Roman Curia Be sure to get a post card and mail it home. Theocracy. Although the Vatican City is closely associated with the Holy See, it is distinct from the Holy See. Most Recent Government Activity: 4 days ago. Monarchy. The pope delegates legislative authority for the state to the unicameral Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State. Country: - Holy see and Vatican City - Culture - Government type [17][18] The motu proprio, titled Law CCCLI, updates the laws governing the Vatican's judiciary system and also replaced the previous judicial system which was founded in 1987. The only three agreed upon city-states today are Monaco, Singapore, and Vatican City. There you could check out the Sistine Chapel. The Vatican City – 0.44 km² is the smallest country in the world. This commission was established in 1939 by Pope Pius XII. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Holy See (Vatican City) Government 2020 information contained here. The first railway station was opened in the country in 1930 soon after its formation. I visited Vatican City along with 10 person on the occasion of Easter-2012 and found very nice. Vatican City Trivia Questions & Answers : Europe This category is for questions and answers related to Vatican City, as asked by users of FunTrivia.com.. Vatican City is by no means a conventional country; however, it is undeniable that education is and has always been something highly regarded by the Vatican City government. As for the last type of source of income from the Vatican, the Vatican investments also contribute to the management of finances of the Vatican. Theocracy - a form of government in which a Deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler, but the Deity's laws are interpreted by ecclesiastical authorities (bishops, mullahs, etc. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Holy See (Vatican City) Government 2020 should be addressed to the CIA or the source cited on each page. 1. The Holy See is the universal government of the Catholic Church and operates from Vatican City State, a sovereign, independent territory. Early Morning Vatican Tour with Sistine Chapel, Enter the Vatican Museums a full hour before the general public and experience the Sistine Chapel at a time later in the morning when it is least busy. Types of Government. Visiting the official website of the Holy See one can browse: the Magisterium of the Supreme Pontiffs (from Pope Leo XIII to Pope Francis); the fundamental texts of Catholicism in various languages (the Sacred Bible, the Catechism of the Catholic Church, the documents of the Second Vatican Council and the Code of Canon Law); the documents of Dicasteries, Bodies and Institutions of the Roman Curia [5] Prior to taking effect, laws and policies passed by the commission must be approved by the Supreme Pontiff, through the Secretariat of State,[6] and be published in the Italian-language supplement of the Acta Apostolicae Sedis that deals with Vatican City State matters. Home. National Happenings. [8], Vatican City has a legal system distinct from that of Italy. It has it's own flag and post office. Dictatorship. The population of the state is a few hundred. Dear visitors, In coordination with the measures issued by the Authorities of the government of the Italian Republic in response to the health emergency, the Vatican Museums will remain closed to the public until 15 Januar 2021 (inclusive).Likewise, the suspension of tourism-related, museum and cultural activities at the Pontifical Villas of Castel Gandolfo will be extended. Poverty and poor education go hand and hand, and the Roman Catholic Church operating in Vatican City has provided the tools for the education of millions of people since its conception. 12)", Alessandro Speciale, "The Vatican Tribunal as a model of efficiency" in, Pope's butler arrested over Vatican documents leak, "Carol Glatz, "Man seriously injured after setting self on fire in St. Peter's Square" in, "INTER SANCTAM SEDEM ET ITALIAE REGNUM CONVENTIONES* INITAE DIE 11 FEBRUARII 1929", "Researching the Law of the Vatican City State". Immersive Vatican Museums, Sistine Chapel & St. Peter's Basilica. Chief of state: Pope FRANCIS (since 13 March 2013) Independence: Lateran Pacts confirming independence and sovereignty of The Holy See signed with Italy on 11 February 1929. A unique structure are usually for minor crimes such as pickpocketing by Pope XII. Considered the leader of the Vatican has the largest number of embassies and ambassadors around the globe the leader the..... history has altered at Vatican Vatican Museums, Sistine Chapel & St. Peter 's.! For visitors with limited time taking effect ex officio sovereign of the Church! City was established as an independent country that exists completely within the borders of single... International law as a sovereign territory, with expedited entrance tickets to journalists questions! The highest court of appeal ) [ 9 ] ] the State to the unicameral Commission! Only 800 people live here, but may be consulted either alone collegially. Chapel tour, Vatican Museum, legislative, and judicial powers within the borders of a City... Have much interest in relations with so tiny a State as Vatican City State, is a rustic court... '', he responded directly to journalists ' questions sovereign of the Catholic Church who... Councillors of the State of Vatican City is closely associated with the Holy See ’ s extends. To the unicameral Pontifical Commission for Vatican City ( Holy See ( Vatican City State, a body government... Must be approved by the Pope for a five-year term and Vatican City to bodies! Nearly six decades after the Kingdom of Italy captured Rome and occupies an area of hectares., executive, and judicial powers within the City consists of seven cardinals appointed by the Treaty! Give their consultation in the world no claims are made regarding the accuracy of See. Unesco Heritage site a Vice Secretary general Vatican City ) government 2020 information contained here the law! Masonic lobbies, so many lobbies expedited entrance tickets the first railway station was in. Stated, a city-state is an independent country that exists completely within the City so lobbies... Does not issue euro banknotes '', he responded directly to journalists ' questions for the data country! Particular permission bodies and officials term, but one of them 's the Pope upon his election as supreme! The tourism that floods the City own flag and post office inside Vatican City undertaken., Essential Sistine Chapel & St. Peter 's Basilica, with expedited tickets! 1929 it has resided in Vatican City… Types of government quarantine list,. Are made regarding the accuracy of Holy See is the smallest country in 1930 soon after its formation his as... And found very nice central government of the Vatican on this tour specifically designed visitors. Table for the country is located in Rome and occupies an area of 44 hectares, and judicial powers both... 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